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Social networking sites using and stress levels among the NaUKMA students

stmm. 2019 (3): 159-178

UDC 316.728:[004.738.5:159.944.4]

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.03.159

Kateryna Maltseva - PhD (2003, Philosophy), PhD (2010, Anthropology); Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, NaUKMA; affiliated research scientist, University of Connecticut, USA, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

Roman Lyubenko - student of sociology, NaUKMA, Kyiv

Abstract. Nowadays, the scale of the influence the social networking sites have on the daily lives of individuals are difficult to overstate. It is particularly true in the case of young people and college students. One of the notable tendencies characterizing the situation of these social cohorts in the context of social networking sites use is a marked increase in mental health problems, regardless of gender, particularly in juncture with stress level augmentation. In this vein, an empirical investigation into online networking and stress among the student population is a reasonable research step. Our present research explores the nature of the links between social websites’ use and subjective stress levels among the student body across several different majors at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Kyiv, Ukraine). The project combined qualitative and quantitative strategies of data collection and analysis. The quantitative phase of the project (a self-administered survey, n = 166) collected cognitive and behavioral data in self-reports format that were used to test a series of hypotheses exploring the relationships between the constructs discussed above. We show that most of the students surveyed in our study typically were consumers of multiple online networking services, on average investing in the activity a total of over 3 hours per day. However, our results indicate no statistically significant links between subjective stress levels and the patterns of social networking sites’ use that were the focus of our research. To further develop this research problem, it is necessary to thoroughly study the prostration of certain methods of online communication and the types of their use by the representatives of different social groups.

Keywords: stress, social networking sites, social support.

Publication in: ukr | rus

References

Baker, D. A., & Algorta, G. P. (2016). The relationship between online social networking and depression: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19 (11), 638–648. https://doi.org/0.1089/cyber.2016.0206

Barker, V. (2009). Older adolescents’ motivations for social network site use: The influence of gender, group identity, and collective self-esteem. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12 (2), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0228

Baum, A. (1990). Stress, intrusive imagery and chronic distress. Health Psychology, 9 (6), 653–675.

Beyens, I., Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1–8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083

Bodroћa, B., & Jovanoviж, T. (2016). Validation of the new scale for measuring behaviors of Facebook users: Psycho-socialaspects of Facebook use (PSAFU). Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 425–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.032

Broadhead, W. E. (1983). The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health. American Journal of Epidemiology, 117 (5), 521–537.

Brown, J. (2016). Mental health matters: A growing challenge. BU Today, 2016. Retrieved from bu.edu/today/2016/mental-health-college-students

Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2014). Growing closer on Facebook: changes in tie strength through social network site use. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 4187–4196.

Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016). The relationship between Facebook use and well-being depends on communication type and tie strength. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21 (4), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12162

Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2010). Social network activity and social well-being. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1909–1912). Atlanta.

Bryant, E. M., & Marmo, J. (2009). Relational maintenance strategies on Facebook. Kentucky Journal of Communication, 28 (2), 129–150.

Cohen, S., & Hoberman H. M. (1983). Positive events and social support as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13 (2), 99–125.

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386–396.

Cohen, S., & McKay, G. (1984). Social support stress and the buffering hypothesis. In A. Baum, T. Revenson, J. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and stress (pp. 253–267). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Collange, J., Bellinghausen, L., Chappй, J., Saunder, L., &Albert, E. (2013). Stress perзu: а partir de quel seuil devient-il un facteur de risque pour les troubles anxiodйpressifs? Maladies Professionnelles et de l’Environ, 74, 7–15.

Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & Zъсiga, H. (2010). Who interacts on the Web? The intersection of users’ personality and social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 247–253. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.003

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1143–1168.

Feeney, B. C., &Collins, N. L. (2014). A new look at social support: A Theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19 (2), 113–147. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314544222

Frost, R. L., & Rickwood, D. J. (2017). A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 576-600.DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.013

Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 73, 1361–1380.

Kaplan, H. (1983). Psychological distress in sociological context: toward a general theory of psychosocial stress. In H. Kaplan, Psychosocial stress: Trends in theory and research, (pp. 195–264). NY: Academic Press.

Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement andpsychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53 (9), 1017–1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017

McKenna, K., & Bargh, J. (1999). Causes and consequences of social interaction on the internet: A conceptual framework. Media Psychology, 1 (3), 249–269.

Meng, J., Martinez, L., Holmstrom, A., Chung, M., & Cox, J. (2017). Research on social networking sites and social support from 2004 to 2015: a narrative review and directions for future research. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20 (1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0325

Morin-Major, J. K., Marin, M. F., Durand, N., Wan, N., Juster, R. P., & Lupien, S. J. (2016). Facebook behaviors associated with diurnal cortisol in adolescents: Is befriending stressful? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 63, 238–246.

Nabi, R. L., Prestin, A., & So J. (2013). Facebook friends with (health) benefits? Exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support, stress, and well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16 (10), 721–727. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0521

Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The Sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30 (3), 241–256.

Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., &Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22 (4), 337–356.

Rosenberg, D. (2018). 1 in 5 college students have anxiety or depression. Here’s why. The Conversation, 2018. Retrieved from heconversation.com/1-in-5-college-students-have-anxiety-or-depression-heres-why-90440

Ross, C. (2009). Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 578–586.

Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Whouses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658–1664. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004

Seo, M., Kim, J., &Yang, H. (2016). Frequent interaction and fast feedback predict perceived social support: Using crawled and self-reported data of Facebook users. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21 (4), 282–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12160

Sheldon, P. (2008). The relationship between unwillingness-to-communicate and students’ Facebook use. Journal of Media Psychology, 20 (2), 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.2.67

Stuart, J., & Kurek, A. (2019). Looking hot in selfies: Narcissistic beginnings, aggressive outcomes? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419865621

Utz, S., & Breuer, J. (2017). The relationship between use of social network sites, online social support, and well-being. Journal of Media Psychology, 29 (3), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000222

Valkenburg, P. M., Jochen, P., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 9 (5), 584–590. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584

Valkenburg, P. M., & Jochen, P. (2007). Preadolescents’ and adolescents’ online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental Psychology, 43 (2), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267

Varnum, M.E.W., & Grossmann, I. (2017). Cultural change: The how and the why. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12 (6): 956–972. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699971

Varnum, M.E.W., & Hampton, R. (2018). Cultural changes in neural structure and function (preprint).

Wartmann, F., Derungs, C., & Purves, R. S. (2016). Characterizing place: an empirical comparison between user-generated content and free-listing data. International Conference on GI Science Short Paper Proceedings (pp. 336–339).

Wheaton, B., &Montazer, S. (2010). The social context of mental health. In T. L. Scheid, T. N. Brown (Eds.), A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems, (pp. 171–199). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Zhang, R. (2017). The stress-buffering effect of self-disclosure on Facebook: an examination of stressful life events, social support, and mental health among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.043

Zywica, J., & Danowski, J. (2008). The faces of Facebookers: Investigating social enhancement and social compensation hypotheses; predicting Facebook and offline popularity from sociability and self-esteem and mapping the meanings of popularity with semantic networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01429.x

Social networking sites using and stress levels among the NaUKMA students

stmm. 2019 (3): 159-178

UDC 316.728:[004.738.5:159.944.4]

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.03.159

Kateryna Maltseva - PhD (2003, Philosophy), PhD (2010, Anthropology); Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, NaUKMA; affiliated research scientist, University of Connecticut, USA, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

Roman Lyubenko - student of sociology, NaUKMA, Kyiv

Abstract. Nowadays, the scale of the influence the social networking sites have on the daily lives of individuals are difficult to overstate. It is particularly true in the case of young people and college students. One of the notable tendencies characterizing the situation of these social cohorts in the context of social networking sites use is a marked increase in mental health problems, regardless of gender, particularly in juncture with stress level augmentation. In this vein, an empirical investigation into online networking and stress among the student population is a reasonable research step. Our present research explores the nature of the links between social websites’ use and subjective stress levels among the student body across several different majors at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Kyiv, Ukraine). The project combined qualitative and quantitative strategies of data collection and analysis. The quantitative phase of the project (a self-administered survey, n = 166) collected cognitive and behavioral data in self-reports format that were used to test a series of hypotheses exploring the relationships between the constructs discussed above. We show that most of the students surveyed in our study typically were consumers of multiple online networking services, on average investing in the activity a total of over 3 hours per day. However, our results indicate no statistically significant links between subjective stress levels and the patterns of social networking sites’ use that were the focus of our research. To further develop this research problem, it is necessary to thoroughly study the prostration of certain methods of online communication and the types of their use by the representatives of different social groups.

Keywords: stress, social networking sites, social support.

Publication in: ukr | rus

References

Baker, D. A., & Algorta, G. P. (2016). The relationship between online social networking and depression: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19 (11), 638–648. https://doi.org/0.1089/cyber.2016.0206

Barker, V. (2009). Older adolescents’ motivations for social network site use: The influence of gender, group identity, and collective self-esteem. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12 (2), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0228

Baum, A. (1990). Stress, intrusive imagery and chronic distress. Health Psychology, 9 (6), 653–675.

Beyens, I., Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1–8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083

Bodroћa, B., & Jovanoviж, T. (2016). Validation of the new scale for measuring behaviors of Facebook users: Psycho-socialaspects of Facebook use (PSAFU). Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 425–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.032

Broadhead, W. E. (1983). The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health. American Journal of Epidemiology, 117 (5), 521–537.

Brown, J. (2016). Mental health matters: A growing challenge. BU Today, 2016. Retrieved from bu.edu/today/2016/mental-health-college-students

Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2014). Growing closer on Facebook: changes in tie strength through social network site use. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 4187–4196.

Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016). The relationship between Facebook use and well-being depends on communication type and tie strength. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21 (4), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12162

Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2010). Social network activity and social well-being. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1909–1912). Atlanta.

Bryant, E. M., & Marmo, J. (2009). Relational maintenance strategies on Facebook. Kentucky Journal of Communication, 28 (2), 129–150.

Cohen, S., & Hoberman H. M. (1983). Positive events and social support as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13 (2), 99–125.

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386–396.

Cohen, S., & McKay, G. (1984). Social support stress and the buffering hypothesis. In A. Baum, T. Revenson, J. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and stress (pp. 253–267). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Collange, J., Bellinghausen, L., Chappй, J., Saunder, L., &Albert, E. (2013). Stress perзu: а partir de quel seuil devient-il un facteur de risque pour les troubles anxiodйpressifs? Maladies Professionnelles et de l’Environ, 74, 7–15.

Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & Zъсiga, H. (2010). Who interacts on the Web? The intersection of users’ personality and social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 247–253. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.003

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1143–1168.

Feeney, B. C., &Collins, N. L. (2014). A new look at social support: A Theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19 (2), 113–147. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314544222

Frost, R. L., & Rickwood, D. J. (2017). A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 576-600.DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.013

Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 73, 1361–1380.

Kaplan, H. (1983). Psychological distress in sociological context: toward a general theory of psychosocial stress. In H. Kaplan, Psychosocial stress: Trends in theory and research, (pp. 195–264). NY: Academic Press.

Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement andpsychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53 (9), 1017–1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017

McKenna, K., & Bargh, J. (1999). Causes and consequences of social interaction on the internet: A conceptual framework. Media Psychology, 1 (3), 249–269.

Meng, J., Martinez, L., Holmstrom, A., Chung, M., & Cox, J. (2017). Research on social networking sites and social support from 2004 to 2015: a narrative review and directions for future research. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20 (1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0325

Morin-Major, J. K., Marin, M. F., Durand, N., Wan, N., Juster, R. P., & Lupien, S. J. (2016). Facebook behaviors associated with diurnal cortisol in adolescents: Is befriending stressful? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 63, 238–246.

Nabi, R. L., Prestin, A., & So J. (2013). Facebook friends with (health) benefits? Exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support, stress, and well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16 (10), 721–727. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0521

Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The Sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30 (3), 241–256.

Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., &Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22 (4), 337–356.

Rosenberg, D. (2018). 1 in 5 college students have anxiety or depression. Here’s why. The Conversation, 2018. Retrieved from heconversation.com/1-in-5-college-students-have-anxiety-or-depression-heres-why-90440

Ross, C. (2009). Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 578–586.

Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Whouses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658–1664. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004

Seo, M., Kim, J., &Yang, H. (2016). Frequent interaction and fast feedback predict perceived social support: Using crawled and self-reported data of Facebook users. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21 (4), 282–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12160

Sheldon, P. (2008). The relationship between unwillingness-to-communicate and students’ Facebook use. Journal of Media Psychology, 20 (2), 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.2.67

Stuart, J., & Kurek, A. (2019). Looking hot in selfies: Narcissistic beginnings, aggressive outcomes? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025419865621

Utz, S., & Breuer, J. (2017). The relationship between use of social network sites, online social support, and well-being. Journal of Media Psychology, 29 (3), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000222

Valkenburg, P. M., Jochen, P., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 9 (5), 584–590. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584

Valkenburg, P. M., & Jochen, P. (2007). Preadolescents’ and adolescents’ online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental Psychology, 43 (2), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267

Varnum, M.E.W., & Grossmann, I. (2017). Cultural change: The how and the why. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12 (6): 956–972. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699971

Varnum, M.E.W., & Hampton, R. (2018). Cultural changes in neural structure and function (preprint).

Wartmann, F., Derungs, C., & Purves, R. S. (2016). Characterizing place: an empirical comparison between user-generated content and free-listing data. International Conference on GI Science Short Paper Proceedings (pp. 336–339).

Wheaton, B., &Montazer, S. (2010). The social context of mental health. In T. L. Scheid, T. N. Brown (Eds.), A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems, (pp. 171–199). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Zhang, R. (2017). The stress-buffering effect of self-disclosure on Facebook: an examination of stressful life events, social support, and mental health among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.043

Zywica, J., & Danowski, J. (2008). The faces of Facebookers: Investigating social enhancement and social compensation hypotheses; predicting Facebook and offline popularity from sociability and self-esteem and mapping the meanings of popularity with semantic networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01429.x

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