Institute of Sociology NASU

INSTITUTIONAL STATES: NORM, PATHOLOGY, EMERGENCY

stmm. 2022 (2): 22-39

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2022.02.022

SERHII MAKEIEV, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Professor, Head of the Department of Social Structures, Institute of Sociology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (12, Shovkovychna St., Kyiv, 01021)

smakeev950@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-8741

Uncertainty and the accumulation of risks in modern societies are almost the main challenges to institutional systems (state, market economy, education system, church, army, business). The article analytically differentiates and considers three states of institutional reality, represented by the event-time pictures of the world. Normally, institutions are relatively autonomous, in the process of their reproduction ensuring the stability of social orders and generating new problems. In pathology, some institutions form a kind of coalition, in which they lose their traditional functions, concentrating on their own sustainable reproduction. In a state of emergency caused by exceptional events (war, pandemic), the state and the army monopolize the right to legitimate violence, and other institutions lose the potential for effective functioning. This happens due to the material and financial damage caused, as happened in Ukraine since 2014 and after the armed invasion of the armies of a neighboring state on February 24, 2022. The situation of emergency in its institutional aspects remains the least conceptually equipped, and therefore not so studied.

Keywords: social institutions, social pathologies, emergency, social inequality, social risks

References

1. Alexander, J. (2013). Meaning of Social Life. [In Russian]. Moscow: Praksis. [=Александер 2013].
2. Alvaredo, F., Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E., Zucman, G. (2017). World Inequality Report 2018. Paris: World Inequality Lab. Retrieved from: https://wir2018.wid.world/files/download/wir2018-full-report-english.pdf.
3. Artog, F. (2021). Pictures of the world and ideas about time. [In Russian]. Logos, 31 (5), 59–76. [=Артог 2021].
4. Blanshard, O., Rodrik, D. (2021). Introduction: We Have the Tools to Reverse the Rise in Inequality. In: Combating Inequality: Rethinking Government’s Role. Ed. by O. Blanshard, D. Rodrik. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
5. Crossley, N. (2022). A Dependent Structure of Interdependence: Structure and Agency in Relational Perspective. Sociology, 56 (1), 166–182.
6. Docherty, Th. (2015). University at War. London: Sage Publication Ltd.
7. Douglas, M. (1986). How Institutions Think. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
8. Elder-Vass, D. (2010). The Causal Power of Social Structures. Emergence, Structure and Agency. New York: Oxford University Press.
9. Golovakha, E., Panina, N. (1994). Social madness: history, theory and modern practice. [In Russian]. Kyiv: Abris. [=Головаха, Панина 1994].
10. Haque, A.A. (2017). Law and Morality at War. London: Oxford University Press.
11. Harris, N. (2019). Pathologies of Recognition: An introduction. European Journal of Social Theory, 22 (1), 3–9.
12. Harris, N. (Еds.) (2021). Pathology Diagnosis and Social Research. New Applications and Explorations. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University; Palgrave Macmillan.
13. Heng, E-K. (2009). War as Risk Management. Strategy and conflict in an Age of Globalised Risks. New York, London: Routledge.
14. Hirvonen, O. (2021). Who Is Ill When a Society Is Ill? In: Pathology Diagnosis and Social Research. New Applications and Explorations. Ed. by N. Harris.Oxford: Oxford Brookes University: Palgrave Macmillan.
15. Laitinen, A., Särkelä, A. (2019). Four conceptions of social pathology. European Journal of Social Theory, 22 (1), 80–102.
16. Iampolski, M. (2021). Between worldview and the world. [In Russian]. Logos, 31 (5), 77–90. [=Ямпольский 2021].
17. Kostenko, N. (2016). In the "emergency" state: cultural effects. [In Ukranian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 4, 102–118. [=Костенко 2016].
18. Makeiev, S. (2003). Social institutions: classical interpretations and modern approaches to the study. [In Russian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 4, 5–20. [=Макеев 2003].
19. Makeiev, S. (2011). Institutional incubus and the evolution of societies. [In Ukrainian]. Bulletin of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. Sociological series, 5, 3–10. [=Макеєв 2011a].
20. Makeiev, S., Oksamytna, S. (2011). Social institutions: classical interpretations and modern approaches to the study. [In Ukrainian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 4, 32–49. [=Макеев, Оксамитна 2011].
21. Makeiev, S. (2018). Eighteenth Brumaire Louis Bonaparte. [In Ukrainian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 2, 11–28. [=Макеєв, 2018].
22. Makeiev, S. (2021). The concept of classes in the early work of F. Engels. [In Ukrainian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 4, 73–87. [=Макеєв, 2021].
23. Marx, K. (1961). Eighteenth Brumaire Louis Bonaparte. [In Ukrainian]. In: K. Marx, F.Engels, Collected Works (vol. 8). Kyiv: Hospolitvydav [=Маркс 1961].
24. Medina, L., Schneider, F. (2018). Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? IMF Working Papers, WP/18/17. Washington: International Monetary Fund.
25. Memory/Oblivion (2015). [In Russian]. In: European Dictionary of Philosophies: Lexicon of Untranslatability (vol. 1). Ed.by B. Cassin. Kyiv: Duh i Litera. [=Память/Забвение 2015].
26. Preyer, G., Peter, G. (Еds.) (2017). Social Ontology and Collective Intentionality. Critical Essays on the Philosophy of RaimoTuomela with His Responses. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
27. Rasmussen, M. (2006). The Risk Society at War. Terror, Technology and Strategy in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. Roger, Ph. (2021). French resistance to the concept of Weltanschauung. [In Russian]. Logos (31) 5, 165–188. [=Роже 2021].
29. Rousseau, D.L. (2005). Democracy and War. Institutions, Norms, and the Evolution of International Conflict. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
30. Scheidel, W. (2017). The Great Leveler. Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press.
31. Schulz, J.F., Bahrami-Rad, D., Beauchamp, J.P., Henrich J. (2019). The Church, intensive kinship, and global psychological variation. Science, 366, 8 November DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5141.
32. Thompson, M. (2021). An Ontological Account of Social Pathology. In: Pathology Diagnosis and Social Research. New Applications and Explorations. Ed. by N. Harris. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University; Palgrave Macmillan.
33. Townsend, L., Stovall, P., Schmid, H.B. (Eds.) (2021). The Social Institution of Discursive Norms. Historical, Naturalistic, and Pragmatic Perspectives. New York, London: Routledge.
34. Tuomela, R. (2013). Social ontology: Collective intentionality and group agents. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
35. Zenkin, S. (2021). View of the world / word about the world. [In Russian]. Logos, 31 (5), 91–114. [= Зенкин 2021].

Received 26.04.2022