Scientific Journal "Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing"
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SOCIOLOGY OF GENERATION’S SOCIAL STRUCTURE
stmm. 2021 (2): 60-74
DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2021.02.060
NATALIA KOVALISKO, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Professor at the Department of Sociology, Faculty of History, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (1, Universytetska St., Lviv, 79000)
kovalisko@mail.lviv.ua
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-6132
SERHII MAKEIEV, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Head of the Department of Social Structures, Institute of Sociology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (12, Shovkovychna St., Kyiv, 01021)
smakeev950@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-8741
In sociology, the concept of “generation” is usually applied to a wide variety of social categories. This is a cohort of peers, and a cohort of several years of birth — as in studies of social mobility, as well as a community of those who share acceptable values, simultaneously experienced significant events, is a bearer of similar experiences and memories. Theoretical reflection in modern literature continues to excite the fundamental essay of K. Mannheim “The Problem of Generations”. The cognitive intuitions it contains have a priority status, but the published reviews state that the empirical potential of the concept outlined there is minimal, and new times require new approaches to analyzing the role of generations in the intensification of social dynamics and the movement of history. Sociology of the social structure of a generation is mainly a way of observing, fixing and describing the transformations of the morphological structure of a community. The heterogeneity of the age cohort is prescribed by origin from different types of families and birth in a particular region and type of settlement. In the course of primary socialization, general patterns of worldview and worldview are formed, an attitude to the past, present and future on the basis of internalized values, standards and norms of behavior. The degree of stratification of life chances and opportunities given by birth is subsequently corrected or fixed by institutions of secondary and higher education, which is monitored in studies of professional and status mobility. Events are capable of elevating an age cohort to the status of a generation, constructing an identity (“we,” shared ways of feeling, thinking, acting) and, almost synchronously, differentiating peers, establishing differences and distances.
Keywords: K. Mannheim, social structure, generation, age cohort, event, memory
References
Aboim, S., Vasconcelos, P. (2014). From political to social generations: A critical reappraisal of Mannheim’s classical approach. European Journal of Social Theory, 17 (2), 165–183. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431013509681
Boiko, V.A. (2014). The phenomenon of generation: features of the sociological conceptualization. [In Ukrainian]. Facet, 12 (116), 158–162. [= Бойко 2014]
Bristow, J. (2016). The Sociology of Generations. New Directions and Challenges. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Connolly, J. (2019). Generational Conflict and the Sociology of Generations: Mannheim and Elias Reconsidered. Theory, Culture & Society, 36 (7–8), 153–172. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276419827085
Dubin, B. (2002). Generation: sociological boundaries of the concept. [In Russian]. Public opinion monitoring, 2 (58), 11–15. [= Дубин 2002]
Edmunds, J., Turner, B. S. (2002). Introduction: Generational Consciousness, Narrative and Politics. In: Generational Consciousness, Narratives, and Politics. Ed. by J. Edmunds, B.S. Turner. New York, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Edmunds, J., Turner, B. S. (2005). Global generations: social change in the twentieth century. The British Journal of Sociology, 56 (4), 559–577. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00083.x
Golovakha, E. (1988). Life perspective and professional self-determination of youth. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [= Головаха 1988]
Ivanenko, O. (2019). Generation Y: is it easy to be young. [In Ukrainian]. Social dimensions of society, 11 (22), 304–319. [= Іваненко, 2019]
Kolot, А.M., Herasymenko, O.A. (2020). Generation Z and socio-labor platform "Work 4.0": interaction imperatives. [In Ukrainian]. Demography and social economy, 2 (40), 103–138. DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.02.103 [= Колот, Герасименко 2020]
Levada, Y. (2001). Generations of the 20th Century: Research Opportunities. [In Russian]. Public Opinion Monitoring, 5 (55), 7–14. [= Левада 2001]
Levada, Y., Shanin, T. (2005). Fathers and Sons: A Generational Analysis of Contemporary Russia. [In Russian]. Moscow: Novoye literaturnoe obozrenie (NLO). [= Левада, Шанин 2005]
Magun, V. (1998). The revolution of aspirations and changes in the life strategies of young people: 1985–1995. [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology RAS. [= Магун 1998]
Makeiev, S. (2013). Auguste Comte: at the origins of the sociological imagination. [In Ukrainian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 2, 184–198. [= Макеєв 2013]
Mannheim, K. (1952). The Problem of Generation. In: Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge. Oxford University Press.
Nagorniak, K.M. (2020). Generation X, Y and Z values in Ukraine. [In Ukrainian]. Ukrainian society, 2 (73), 110–122. [= Нагорняк 2020]
Oksamytna, S., Vynohradov, O, Malysh, L., Martseniuk, T. (2010). Youth of Ukraine: from education to work. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy". DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp10.02.135 [= Оксамитна 2010]
Oksamytna, S. (2011). Intergenerational class and educational mobility. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Оксамитна 2011]
Pickering, M. (1993, 2009). Auguste Comte. An intellectual biography. Cambridge University Press. [Vol. I, 1993; Vol. II, 2009; Vol. III, 2009] DOI https://doi.org/10.1086/660331
Purhonen, S. (2016). Generations on paper: Bourdieu and the critique of "generationalism". Social Science Information, 55 (1), 94–114. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018415608967
Radaev, V. (2019). Millennials: How Russian society is changing. [In Russian]. Moscow: High School of Economics. [= Радаев 2019]
Seniushkina, T. (2013). The problem of achieving intergenerational solidarity in Ukraine. [In Ukrainian]. Scientific notes of the I.F. Kuras Institute for Political and Ethnonational Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 (67), 184–221. [= Сенюшкіна 2013]
Shanin, T. (2005). The history of generations and the generational history of Russia. [In Russian]. Human, Community, Governance, 3, 6–25. [= Шанин 2005]
White, J. (2013). Thinking generations. The British Journal of Sociology, 64 (2), 216–247.
Zaborovskii, V. (2005). Evolution of social structure: a generational perspective. [In Russian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 1, 8–35. [= Заборовский 2005]
Zarembo, К. (2017). Ukrainian Generation Z: values and guidelines. Results of a nationwide survey. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Tsentr “Nova Yevropa”. [= Зарембо 2017]
Received 12.03.2021
SOCIOLOGY OF GENERATION’S SOCIAL STRUCTURE
stmm. 2021 (2): 60-74
DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2021.02.060
NATALIA KOVALISKO, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Professor at the Department of Sociology, Faculty of History, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (1, Universytetska St., Lviv, 79000)
kovalisko@mail.lviv.ua
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-6132
SERHII MAKEIEV, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Head of the Department of Social Structures, Institute of Sociology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (12, Shovkovychna St., Kyiv, 01021)
smakeev950@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-8741
In sociology, the concept of “generation” is usually applied to a wide variety of social categories. This is a cohort of peers, and a cohort of several years of birth — as in studies of social mobility, as well as a community of those who share acceptable values, simultaneously experienced significant events, is a bearer of similar experiences and memories. Theoretical reflection in modern literature continues to excite the fundamental essay of K. Mannheim “The Problem of Generations”. The cognitive intuitions it contains have a priority status, but the published reviews state that the empirical potential of the concept outlined there is minimal, and new times require new approaches to analyzing the role of generations in the intensification of social dynamics and the movement of history. Sociology of the social structure of a generation is mainly a way of observing, fixing and describing the transformations of the morphological structure of a community. The heterogeneity of the age cohort is prescribed by origin from different types of families and birth in a particular region and type of settlement. In the course of primary socialization, general patterns of worldview and worldview are formed, an attitude to the past, present and future on the basis of internalized values, standards and norms of behavior. The degree of stratification of life chances and opportunities given by birth is subsequently corrected or fixed by institutions of secondary and higher education, which is monitored in studies of professional and status mobility. Events are capable of elevating an age cohort to the status of a generation, constructing an identity (“we,” shared ways of feeling, thinking, acting) and, almost synchronously, differentiating peers, establishing differences and distances.
Keywords: K. Mannheim, social structure, generation, age cohort, event, memory
References
Aboim, S., Vasconcelos, P. (2014). From political to social generations: A critical reappraisal of Mannheim’s classical approach. European Journal of Social Theory, 17 (2), 165–183. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431013509681
Boiko, V.A. (2014). The phenomenon of generation: features of the sociological conceptualization. [In Ukrainian]. Facet, 12 (116), 158–162. [= Бойко 2014]
Bristow, J. (2016). The Sociology of Generations. New Directions and Challenges. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Connolly, J. (2019). Generational Conflict and the Sociology of Generations: Mannheim and Elias Reconsidered. Theory, Culture & Society, 36 (7–8), 153–172. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276419827085
Dubin, B. (2002). Generation: sociological boundaries of the concept. [In Russian]. Public opinion monitoring, 2 (58), 11–15. [= Дубин 2002]
Edmunds, J., Turner, B. S. (2002). Introduction: Generational Consciousness, Narrative and Politics. In: Generational Consciousness, Narratives, and Politics. Ed. by J. Edmunds, B.S. Turner. New York, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Edmunds, J., Turner, B. S. (2005). Global generations: social change in the twentieth century. The British Journal of Sociology, 56 (4), 559–577. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00083.x
Golovakha, E. (1988). Life perspective and professional self-determination of youth. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. [= Головаха 1988]
Ivanenko, O. (2019). Generation Y: is it easy to be young. [In Ukrainian]. Social dimensions of society, 11 (22), 304–319. [= Іваненко, 2019]
Kolot, А.M., Herasymenko, O.A. (2020). Generation Z and socio-labor platform "Work 4.0": interaction imperatives. [In Ukrainian]. Demography and social economy, 2 (40), 103–138. DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.02.103 [= Колот, Герасименко 2020]
Levada, Y. (2001). Generations of the 20th Century: Research Opportunities. [In Russian]. Public Opinion Monitoring, 5 (55), 7–14. [= Левада 2001]
Levada, Y., Shanin, T. (2005). Fathers and Sons: A Generational Analysis of Contemporary Russia. [In Russian]. Moscow: Novoye literaturnoe obozrenie (NLO). [= Левада, Шанин 2005]
Magun, V. (1998). The revolution of aspirations and changes in the life strategies of young people: 1985–1995. [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology RAS. [= Магун 1998]
Makeiev, S. (2013). Auguste Comte: at the origins of the sociological imagination. [In Ukrainian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 2, 184–198. [= Макеєв 2013]
Mannheim, K. (1952). The Problem of Generation. In: Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge. Oxford University Press.
Nagorniak, K.M. (2020). Generation X, Y and Z values in Ukraine. [In Ukrainian]. Ukrainian society, 2 (73), 110–122. [= Нагорняк 2020]
Oksamytna, S., Vynohradov, O, Malysh, L., Martseniuk, T. (2010). Youth of Ukraine: from education to work. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy". DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp10.02.135 [= Оксамитна 2010]
Oksamytna, S. (2011). Intergenerational class and educational mobility. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Оксамитна 2011]
Pickering, M. (1993, 2009). Auguste Comte. An intellectual biography. Cambridge University Press. [Vol. I, 1993; Vol. II, 2009; Vol. III, 2009] DOI https://doi.org/10.1086/660331
Purhonen, S. (2016). Generations on paper: Bourdieu and the critique of "generationalism". Social Science Information, 55 (1), 94–114. DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018415608967
Radaev, V. (2019). Millennials: How Russian society is changing. [In Russian]. Moscow: High School of Economics. [= Радаев 2019]
Seniushkina, T. (2013). The problem of achieving intergenerational solidarity in Ukraine. [In Ukrainian]. Scientific notes of the I.F. Kuras Institute for Political and Ethnonational Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 (67), 184–221. [= Сенюшкіна 2013]
Shanin, T. (2005). The history of generations and the generational history of Russia. [In Russian]. Human, Community, Governance, 3, 6–25. [= Шанин 2005]
White, J. (2013). Thinking generations. The British Journal of Sociology, 64 (2), 216–247.
Zaborovskii, V. (2005). Evolution of social structure: a generational perspective. [In Russian]. Sociology: theory, methods, marketing, 1, 8–35. [= Заборовский 2005]
Zarembo, К. (2017). Ukrainian Generation Z: values and guidelines. Results of a nationwide survey. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Tsentr “Nova Yevropa”. [= Зарембо 2017]
Received 12.03.2021
LATEST PRINTED ISSUE
LATEST FREELY ACCESSIBLE MATERIALS