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Conceptual foundations for the development of J.G.Turner’s general sociological theory: metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and analytical scheme
stmm. 2019 (4): 40-60
UDC 316.4
DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.04.040
Volodymyr Reznik - Doctor of Science in Sociology, docent, Head of Department of History and Theory of Sociology at the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv.
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-0034
Abstract. The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G. Turner. In this case, foundations should be understood as metatheoretical ideas formulated by the researcher, basic concepts, and the analytical scheme itself. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement, according to which there are certain social forces that exert pressure on the choice of individuals and force them to change the models of their social organization and create new types of socio-cultural entities, which is designed to ensure survival under conditions of this kind of pressure. Starting to systematize the basic concepts of his theorizing, Turner proceeded from the rationale for the differentiation of micro-, mezo- and macro-levels of social reality. Such an approach made it possible to build a substantiation of a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics based on these principles. According to this scheme, it becomes clear how the forces of macro-social dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. Thus, Turner showed how these forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in changing circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained by the scientist became the basis for the development of Turner's concept of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.
Keywords: theory, general theory, metatheory, positivism, social power, social selection.
References
Blalock, H. M., Jr. (1989). Power and Conflict: Toward a General Theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Blau, P. M. (1977). Inequality and Heterogeneity. A Primitive Theory of Social Structure. New York: Free Press.
Blau, P. (1994). Structural Context of Opportunities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Boehm, Ch. (1993). Egalitarian Society and Reverse Dominance Hierarchy. _Current Anthropology__,_34 (3), 227–254.
Boehm, Ch. (1999). Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Braudel, F. (1997). _Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century. Vol_. 2: The Wheels of Commerce. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Бродель, 1997]
Chase-Dunn, Ch., Mann, K. M. (1998). _The Wintu and Their Neighbors: A_Very Small World System in Northern California. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Collins, R. (1975). Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science. New York: Academic Press.
Collins, R. (1986). Weberian Sociological Theory. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Collins, R. (1990). Market Dynamics as the Engine of Historical Change. Sociological Theory, 8, 111–135.
Darwin, Ch. (2009). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selections, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. [In Ukrainian]. Lviv: Piramida. [= Дарвін, 2009] https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694295
Durkheim, E. (1990). The Division of Labor in Society. The Method of Sociology. [In Russian]. Moscow: Nauka. [= Дюркгейм, 1990]
Durkheim, E. (1998). _Suicide: a Study in Sociology_. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Дюркгайм, 1998]
Durkheim, E. (2002). The Elementary Forms of The Religious Life. The Totem System in Australia. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Yunivers. [= Дюркгайм, 2002]
Goffman, E. (1961). Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction. Indianapolis, IND: Bobbs-Merrill.
Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in Public: Micro Studies of the Public Order. New York: Basic Books.
Goffman, E. (2009). Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. [In Russian]. Moscow: Smysl. [= Гофман, 2009]
Hawley, A. (1986). Human Ecology: A Theoretical Essay. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Malthus, Th. (1998). An Essay on the Principle of Population. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Мальтус, 1998]
Mann, M. (2018). _The Social Sources of Power._ _Vol.1:A History of Power from the Beginning to A._D. 1760. [In Russian]. Moscow: Dielo. [= Манн, 2018]
Marx, K. (1963). Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. Vol. 1. Book 1: The process of capital production. [In Ukrainian]. InK. Marx, F. Engels. Works. Translated by 2-hd Russian ed. Vol. 23. Kyiv: Derzhpolitvydav, USSR. [= Маркс, 1963] https://doi.org/10.1515/9783050063577-014
Marx, K. (1965). Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. Vol. 3. Book 2: The process of capitalist production, taken as a whole. Part ІІ (ch. 29–52). [In Ukrainian]. InK. Marx, F. Engels. Works. Translated by 2-hd Russian ed. Vol. 25, Part. ІІ. Kyiv: Derzhpolitvydav, USSR. [= Маркс, 1965] https://doi.org/10.1515/9783050063577-011
Marx, K. (1967). Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. Vol. 4. Book 2: Theories of Surplus Value. Part ІІ (Ch. 8–18). [In Ukrainian]. InK. Marx, F. Engels. Works. Translated by 2-hd Russian ed. Vol. 26, Part ІІ. Kyiv: Derzhpolitvydav, USSR. [= Маркс, 1967] https://doi.org/10.1515/9783050063577-009
Mead, G. H. (2000). Mind, Self, and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Ukrainian Center of Spiritual Culture. [= Мід, 2000]
Reznik, V. (2017). Positivist (meta)theorization J. H. Turner: bases and project s strategy. [In Ukrainian]. _Sociology: theory, methods, marketing_, 4, 68–93. [= Резнік, 2017]
Simmel, G. (2010). The Philosophy of Money. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Primin’. [= Зіммель, 2010]
Smelser, N. J. (2003). Problematics f Sociology. The Georg Simmel Lectures, 1995. [In Ukrainian]. Lviv, Kalvaria. [= Смелзер, 2003]
Smith, A. (2001). _An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations_. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Port-Royal. [= Сміт, 2001]
Takla, T. N., Pape, W. (1985). The Force Imagery in Durkheim: The Integration of Theory, Metatheory, and Method. Sociological Theory, 3(1), 4–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/202175
Toynbee, A. (1995a). A Study of History. Vol. 1. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Тойнбі, 1995a]
Toynbee, A. (1995b). A Study of History. Vol. 2. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Тойнбі, 1995b]
Turner, J. H. (1972). Patterns of Social Organization: A Survey of Social Institutions. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Turner, J. (1985). The Structure of Sociological Theory. [In Russian]. Moscow: Progress. [= Тернер, 1985]
Turner, J. H. (1990). The Structure of Sociological Theory. 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Turner, J. H. (1995). Macrodynamics: Toward a Theory on the Organization of Human Populations. Rose Monographs. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Turner, J. H. (1997). The Institutional Order: Economy, Kinship, Religion, Polity, Law, and Education in Evolutionary and Comparative Perspective. New York: Longman.
Turner, J. H. (2003). Human Institutions: A Theory of Societal Evolutions. Boulder: Rowman and Littlefield.
Turner, J. H. (2010a). _Theoretical Principles of Sociology. Vol_. 1: Macrodynamics. New York: Springer.
Turner, J. H. (2010b). _Theoretical Principles of Sociology. Vol_. 2: Microdynamics. New York: Springer.
Turner, J. H. (2012). _Theoretical Principles of Sociology. Vol_. 3: Mesodynamics. New York: Springer.
Veblen, Th. (1984). The Theory of the Leisure Class. [In Russian]. Moscow: Progress. [= Веблен, 1984]
Weber, M. (2012). Economy and Society: an Outline of Interpretive Sociology. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Vsesvit. [= Вебер, 2012]
Conceptual foundations for the development of J.G.Turner’s general sociological theory: metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and analytical scheme
stmm. 2019 (4): 40-60
UDC 316.4
DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.04.040
Volodymyr Reznik - Doctor of Science in Sociology, docent, Head of Department of History and Theory of Sociology at the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv.
ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-0034
Abstract. The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G. Turner. In this case, foundations should be understood as metatheoretical ideas formulated by the researcher, basic concepts, and the analytical scheme itself. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement, according to which there are certain social forces that exert pressure on the choice of individuals and force them to change the models of their social organization and create new types of socio-cultural entities, which is designed to ensure survival under conditions of this kind of pressure. Starting to systematize the basic concepts of his theorizing, Turner proceeded from the rationale for the differentiation of micro-, mezo- and macro-levels of social reality. Such an approach made it possible to build a substantiation of a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics based on these principles. According to this scheme, it becomes clear how the forces of macro-social dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. Thus, Turner showed how these forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in changing circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained by the scientist became the basis for the development of Turner's concept of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.
Keywords: theory, general theory, metatheory, positivism, social power, social selection.
References
Blalock, H. M., Jr. (1989). Power and Conflict: Toward a General Theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Blau, P. M. (1977). Inequality and Heterogeneity. A Primitive Theory of Social Structure. New York: Free Press.
Blau, P. (1994). Structural Context of Opportunities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Boehm, Ch. (1993). Egalitarian Society and Reverse Dominance Hierarchy. _Current Anthropology__,_34 (3), 227–254.
Boehm, Ch. (1999). Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Braudel, F. (1997). _Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century. Vol_. 2: The Wheels of Commerce. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Бродель, 1997]
Chase-Dunn, Ch., Mann, K. M. (1998). _The Wintu and Their Neighbors: A_Very Small World System in Northern California. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Collins, R. (1975). Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science. New York: Academic Press.
Collins, R. (1986). Weberian Sociological Theory. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Collins, R. (1990). Market Dynamics as the Engine of Historical Change. Sociological Theory, 8, 111–135.
Darwin, Ch. (2009). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selections, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. [In Ukrainian]. Lviv: Piramida. [= Дарвін, 2009] https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511694295
Durkheim, E. (1990). The Division of Labor in Society. The Method of Sociology. [In Russian]. Moscow: Nauka. [= Дюркгейм, 1990]
Durkheim, E. (1998). _Suicide: a Study in Sociology_. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Дюркгайм, 1998]
Durkheim, E. (2002). The Elementary Forms of The Religious Life. The Totem System in Australia. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Yunivers. [= Дюркгайм, 2002]
Goffman, E. (1961). Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction. Indianapolis, IND: Bobbs-Merrill.
Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in Public: Micro Studies of the Public Order. New York: Basic Books.
Goffman, E. (2009). Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. [In Russian]. Moscow: Smysl. [= Гофман, 2009]
Hawley, A. (1986). Human Ecology: A Theoretical Essay. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Malthus, Th. (1998). An Essay on the Principle of Population. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Мальтус, 1998]
Mann, M. (2018). _The Social Sources of Power._ _Vol.1:A History of Power from the Beginning to A._D. 1760. [In Russian]. Moscow: Dielo. [= Манн, 2018]
Marx, K. (1963). Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. Vol. 1. Book 1: The process of capital production. [In Ukrainian]. InK. Marx, F. Engels. Works. Translated by 2-hd Russian ed. Vol. 23. Kyiv: Derzhpolitvydav, USSR. [= Маркс, 1963] https://doi.org/10.1515/9783050063577-014
Marx, K. (1965). Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. Vol. 3. Book 2: The process of capitalist production, taken as a whole. Part ІІ (ch. 29–52). [In Ukrainian]. InK. Marx, F. Engels. Works. Translated by 2-hd Russian ed. Vol. 25, Part. ІІ. Kyiv: Derzhpolitvydav, USSR. [= Маркс, 1965] https://doi.org/10.1515/9783050063577-011
Marx, K. (1967). Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. Vol. 4. Book 2: Theories of Surplus Value. Part ІІ (Ch. 8–18). [In Ukrainian]. InK. Marx, F. Engels. Works. Translated by 2-hd Russian ed. Vol. 26, Part ІІ. Kyiv: Derzhpolitvydav, USSR. [= Маркс, 1967] https://doi.org/10.1515/9783050063577-009
Mead, G. H. (2000). Mind, Self, and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Ukrainian Center of Spiritual Culture. [= Мід, 2000]
Reznik, V. (2017). Positivist (meta)theorization J. H. Turner: bases and project s strategy. [In Ukrainian]. _Sociology: theory, methods, marketing_, 4, 68–93. [= Резнік, 2017]
Simmel, G. (2010). The Philosophy of Money. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Primin’. [= Зіммель, 2010]
Smelser, N. J. (2003). Problematics f Sociology. The Georg Simmel Lectures, 1995. [In Ukrainian]. Lviv, Kalvaria. [= Смелзер, 2003]
Smith, A. (2001). _An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations_. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Port-Royal. [= Сміт, 2001]
Takla, T. N., Pape, W. (1985). The Force Imagery in Durkheim: The Integration of Theory, Metatheory, and Method. Sociological Theory, 3(1), 4–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/202175
Toynbee, A. (1995a). A Study of History. Vol. 1. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Тойнбі, 1995a]
Toynbee, A. (1995b). A Study of History. Vol. 2. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Osnovy. [= Тойнбі, 1995b]
Turner, J. H. (1972). Patterns of Social Organization: A Survey of Social Institutions. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Turner, J. (1985). The Structure of Sociological Theory. [In Russian]. Moscow: Progress. [= Тернер, 1985]
Turner, J. H. (1990). The Structure of Sociological Theory. 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Turner, J. H. (1995). Macrodynamics: Toward a Theory on the Organization of Human Populations. Rose Monographs. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Turner, J. H. (1997). The Institutional Order: Economy, Kinship, Religion, Polity, Law, and Education in Evolutionary and Comparative Perspective. New York: Longman.
Turner, J. H. (2003). Human Institutions: A Theory of Societal Evolutions. Boulder: Rowman and Littlefield.
Turner, J. H. (2010a). _Theoretical Principles of Sociology. Vol_. 1: Macrodynamics. New York: Springer.
Turner, J. H. (2010b). _Theoretical Principles of Sociology. Vol_. 2: Microdynamics. New York: Springer.
Turner, J. H. (2012). _Theoretical Principles of Sociology. Vol_. 3: Mesodynamics. New York: Springer.
Veblen, Th. (1984). The Theory of the Leisure Class. [In Russian]. Moscow: Progress. [= Веблен, 1984]
Weber, M. (2012). Economy and Society: an Outline of Interpretive Sociology. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Vsesvit. [= Вебер, 2012]
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