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Well-being and inequality in comparative perspective: the case of Poland and Ukraine

stmm. 2019 (1): 32-55

UDC 316.443

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.01.032

NATALIA KOVALISKO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-6132

SERHII MAKEEV

Abstract. Socio-economic trajectories of Poland and Ukraine have been considerably diverging since the last decade of the 20th century. The former has been advancing and catching up with Western European countries in terms of the quality of life — whereas in Ukraine, the 1990s recession gave way to unsustainable economic growth, which interrupted in the second half of the 2000s and in the 2010s. The comparison of official statistics, along with the data of household surveys and public opinion polls, makes it possible to conclude that a progressive and sustainable transition from a command economy to free market, as exemplified by Poland, is accompanied by moderate
deepening of economic inequality. However, an abnormal transition (deviating from the “Polish rule”) entails excessive concentration of wealth and gives rise to corruption as a mechanism of income redistribution among different categories of population. This also results in a more noticeable stratification of opportunies for meeting vital and existential needs. Owing to a large proportion of shadow economy and undeclared work, Ukrainians remain a source of cheap labour in both the domestic and international labour markets; in addition, a persistent subculture of tax evasion is being formed in this country.

Keywords: a nation’s well-being, citizens’ well-being, income, household, social inequality

Publication in: ukr | rus


References

Аleksinska М.,Bastrakova А., Kharchenko N. (2018). Work on Digital Labour Platforms in Ukraine: Issues and Policy Perspectives. International Labor Office Work on Digital Labour Platforms in Ukraine: Issues and Policy Perspectives. [In Ukrainian]. International Labor Office. [= Алексинська 2018].

Atkinson A.B, Bourguignon F. (eds). (2015). Handbook of Income distribution. Volume 2B. First edition. Elsevier B.V.

Bukowski P., Novokmet F. (2017). Inequality in Poland: Estimating the whole distribution by g-percentile 1983-2015. WID world Working Papier Series №2017/21

Feige Edgar L. (2016). Reflections on the Meaning and Measurement of Unobserved Economies: What do we really know about the “Shadow Economy”? Journal of Tax Administration. 2(1), 5-41. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2705879

Feld L.P., Larsen C. (2012). Undeclared Work, Deterrence and Social Norms. The Case of Germany. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87401-0_7

Household Budget Survey 2016 (2017). Warsaw: Central Statistical Office.

Housing fund of Ukraine. (2018). Statistical digest. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: State statistical department of Ukraine [= Житловий фонд 2018].

Lange, Glenn-Marie, Quentin Wodon, and Kevin Carey, eds. (2018) The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1046-6

Malysh L. (2011). Common and divergence in perception of social inequality in different countries. [In Ukrainian]. Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, 4, 97-120. [= Малиш 2011].

Medina, L., Schneider, F. (2018)Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? IMF Working Paper /18/17: International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484338636.001

Ovcharova L.N. (eds). (2018). A population of Russia in 2018: income, expenses and social feel. Monitoring of Research Institute of Higher School of Economy. The special issue «Comparison of salaries in 2011-2017 in different countries». [In Russian].Moscow: RI HSE. [= Овчарова 2018].

Paniotto V.І. (2018). Perception of own well-being of the residents of Ukraine in may 2018. Press releases and reports, KIIS, 13.7.2018.. http://kiis.com.ua/data/ press releases. [= Паніотто 2018].

Publication Availability of Durables in Households (Household Budget Survey, october 2016) (2017). Statistical digest. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: State statistical department of Ukraine [= Наявність 2017].

Schwab,K., Sala-i-Martin, X. (2016) The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

Self-appraisal level of the profits by households of Ukraine (from data of the sample survey of households in January 2018). (2018). Statistical digest. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: State statistical department of Ukraine [= Самооцінка 2017].

Socio-economic position of households of Ukraine in 2017 (from data of sample survey of households). (2017). [In Ukrainian]. State statistical department of Ukraine. http://stat.gov.ua/data/ income and living conditions.[= Соціально-економічне становище 2017].

Well-being and inequality in comparative perspective: the case of Poland and Ukraine

stmm. 2019 (1): 32-55

UDC 316.443

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.01.032

NATALIA KOVALISKO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-6132

SERHII MAKEEV

Abstract. Socio-economic trajectories of Poland and Ukraine have been considerably diverging since the last decade of the 20th century. The former has been advancing and catching up with Western European countries in terms of the quality of life — whereas in Ukraine, the 1990s recession gave way to unsustainable economic growth, which interrupted in the second half of the 2000s and in the 2010s. The comparison of official statistics, along with the data of household surveys and public opinion polls, makes it possible to conclude that a progressive and sustainable transition from a command economy to free market, as exemplified by Poland, is accompanied by moderate
deepening of economic inequality. However, an abnormal transition (deviating from the “Polish rule”) entails excessive concentration of wealth and gives rise to corruption as a mechanism of income redistribution among different categories of population. This also results in a more noticeable stratification of opportunies for meeting vital and existential needs. Owing to a large proportion of shadow economy and undeclared work, Ukrainians remain a source of cheap labour in both the domestic and international labour markets; in addition, a persistent subculture of tax evasion is being formed in this country.

Keywords: a nation’s well-being, citizens’ well-being, income, household, social inequality

Publication in: ukr | rus


References

Аleksinska М.,Bastrakova А., Kharchenko N. (2018). Work on Digital Labour Platforms in Ukraine: Issues and Policy Perspectives. International Labor Office Work on Digital Labour Platforms in Ukraine: Issues and Policy Perspectives. [In Ukrainian]. International Labor Office. [= Алексинська 2018].

Atkinson A.B, Bourguignon F. (eds). (2015). Handbook of Income distribution. Volume 2B. First edition. Elsevier B.V.

Bukowski P., Novokmet F. (2017). Inequality in Poland: Estimating the whole distribution by g-percentile 1983-2015. WID world Working Papier Series №2017/21

Feige Edgar L. (2016). Reflections on the Meaning and Measurement of Unobserved Economies: What do we really know about the “Shadow Economy”? Journal of Tax Administration. 2(1), 5-41. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2705879

Feld L.P., Larsen C. (2012). Undeclared Work, Deterrence and Social Norms. The Case of Germany. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87401-0_7

Household Budget Survey 2016 (2017). Warsaw: Central Statistical Office.

Housing fund of Ukraine. (2018). Statistical digest. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: State statistical department of Ukraine [= Житловий фонд 2018].

Lange, Glenn-Marie, Quentin Wodon, and Kevin Carey, eds. (2018) The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1046-6

Malysh L. (2011). Common and divergence in perception of social inequality in different countries. [In Ukrainian]. Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, 4, 97-120. [= Малиш 2011].

Medina, L., Schneider, F. (2018)Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? IMF Working Paper /18/17: International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484338636.001

Ovcharova L.N. (eds). (2018). A population of Russia in 2018: income, expenses and social feel. Monitoring of Research Institute of Higher School of Economy. The special issue «Comparison of salaries in 2011-2017 in different countries». [In Russian].Moscow: RI HSE. [= Овчарова 2018].

Paniotto V.І. (2018). Perception of own well-being of the residents of Ukraine in may 2018. Press releases and reports, KIIS, 13.7.2018.. http://kiis.com.ua/data/ press releases. [= Паніотто 2018].

Publication Availability of Durables in Households (Household Budget Survey, october 2016) (2017). Statistical digest. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: State statistical department of Ukraine [= Наявність 2017].

Schwab,K., Sala-i-Martin, X. (2016) The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

Self-appraisal level of the profits by households of Ukraine (from data of the sample survey of households in January 2018). (2018). Statistical digest. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: State statistical department of Ukraine [= Самооцінка 2017].

Socio-economic position of households of Ukraine in 2017 (from data of sample survey of households). (2017). [In Ukrainian]. State statistical department of Ukraine. http://stat.gov.ua/data/ income and living conditions.[= Соціально-економічне становище 2017].

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