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THREE GENERATIONS OF UKRAINIANS IN STRATIFICATION HIERARCHIES: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

stmm. 2021 (3): 21-36

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2021.03.021

LINA MALYSH, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Associate Professor at Department of Sociology, National University of “Kyiv Mohyla Academy” (8/5, Voloska St. , Kyiv, 04070)

malysh.lina@ukma.edu.ua

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3209

The article analyzes the differences in positions in the stratification hierarchies of different generations. Based on the data of the sociological survey “Ukrainian Society”, conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine in 1995–1997 and 2018–2020, four subsamples which represented three age cohorts (grandparents, parents (measured at two points) and children) were formed. Comparison of their characteristics made by combining three types of research designs (cross-sectional, cohort, and trend). The measurement of positions in the space of inequalities carried out with three groups of indicators (objective parameters, subjective perception and recognition of the legitimacy of stratification orders). On their basis, three typologies were constructed (objective, integral and economic position), consisting of an agreed high, medium and low status, as well as an inconsistent status. The study indicated many positive generational changes in the distributions of individuals along the main stratification hierarchies. The most dramatic changes fixed in the people’s perception of their social position and recognition of the legitimacy of the inequality system. There weren’t generational differences in status crystallization, although the links between status characteristics differed somewhat. In modern Ukrainian society, a large proportion of people belonged to the higher levels of hierarchies and smaller ones at the lower.

Keywords: comparative study; social stratification; generation; status crystallization; stratification hierarchy

References

  1. Filippov, F.R. (1989). From Generation to Generation: Social Mobility. [In Russian]. Moscow: Mysl’. [= Филиппов 1997]
  2. Kohn, M.L., Slomczynski, K.M., Schoenbach, C. (). The Measurement of Social Stratification, Personality and Professional Autonomy in Socialist Poland. In: V.Ye. Khmelko (Ed.), Social Structures and Personality: A Study by Melvin L. Kon and His Colleagues (pp. 491–513). [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Кон, Сломчинський, Шоенбах 2019]
  3. Lenski, G. (1954). Status Crystallization: A Non-Vertical Dimension of Social Status. American Sociological Review, 19 (4), 405–413.
  4. Levada, Yu. (2001). Generations of the 20th Century: Research Opportunities. [In Russian]. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Change, 5 (55), 7–14. [= Левада 2001]
  5. Magun, V., Engovatov, M. (2004). The Structure and Intergenerational Dynamics of the Life Aspirations of Young People in Russia and Ukraine: 1985–2001. [In Russian]. Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, 3, 47–65. [= Магун, Энговатов 2004]
  6. Magun, V.S., Rudnev, M.G. (2012). Basic Values of Two Generations of Russians and the Dynamics of Their Social Determination. In: E.G. Yasin (Ed.), XII International Scientific Conference on the Development of Economy and Society (book 3, pp. 87–97). [In Russian]. Moscow: Vyshcha shkola ekonomiky. [= Магун, Руднев 2012]
  7. Malysh, L. (2019). Principles and Rules of Measurement of Structural Inequalities in Sociology. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Малиш 2019]
  8. Malysh, L., Vynogradov, O. (2010). Education as a Basis of the Entry of Young People in the Labour market. In: S. Oksamytna, O. Vynohradov, L. Malysh, T. Martsenyuk, Ukrainian Youth: from Education to Work (pp. 81–103). [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Малиш, Виноградов 2010]
  9. Patrakova, A. (2006). Status Inconsistencies. In: S. Makeev (Ed.), New Social Inequalities (pp. 270–289). [In Russian]. Kyiv: Institute of Sociology, NAS of Ukraine. [= Патракова 2006]
  10. Radaev, V. (2020). Millennials: How Russian Society is Changing. [In Russian]. Moscow: Vyshcha shkola ekonomiky. [= Радаев 2020]
  11. Semionova, V.V. (2001). Differentiation and Consolidation of Generations. In: V.A. Yadov (Ed.), Russia is a Society under Transformation (pp. 256–271). [In Russian]. Moscow: KANON-press-C. [= Семенова 2001]
  12. Semionova, V.V. (2003). Modern Conceptual and Empirical Approaches to the Concept of “Generation”. In: L.M. Drobizheva (Ed.), Russia undergoing reforms: Yearbook (pp. 213–237). [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology, RAS. [= Семенова 2003]
  13. Semionova, V.V., Chernysh, M.F., Vanke, A.V. (Eds.) (2017). Social Mobility in Russia: Generational Aspect. [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology, RAS. [= Семенова, Черныш, Ваньке 2017]
  14. Simonchuk, O. (2018). Social Classes in Modern Societies: Heuristic Potential of Class Analysis. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Institute of Sociology, NAS of Ukraine. [= Симончук 2018]
  15. Titma, M.H. (Ed.) (1997). Social Stratification of Age Cohort: Graduates of the 80-s in the Post-Soviet Space. [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology, RAS. [= Титма 1997]

Received 17.06.2021

THREE GENERATIONS OF UKRAINIANS IN STRATIFICATION HIERARCHIES: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

stmm. 2021 (3): 21-36

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2021.03.021

LINA MALYSH, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology, Associate Professor at Department of Sociology, National University of “Kyiv Mohyla Academy” (8/5, Voloska St. , Kyiv, 04070)

malysh.lina@ukma.edu.ua

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3209

The article analyzes the differences in positions in the stratification hierarchies of different generations. Based on the data of the sociological survey “Ukrainian Society”, conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine in 1995–1997 and 2018–2020, four subsamples which represented three age cohorts (grandparents, parents (measured at two points) and children) were formed. Comparison of their characteristics made by combining three types of research designs (cross-sectional, cohort, and trend). The measurement of positions in the space of inequalities carried out with three groups of indicators (objective parameters, subjective perception and recognition of the legitimacy of stratification orders). On their basis, three typologies were constructed (objective, integral and economic position), consisting of an agreed high, medium and low status, as well as an inconsistent status. The study indicated many positive generational changes in the distributions of individuals along the main stratification hierarchies. The most dramatic changes fixed in the people’s perception of their social position and recognition of the legitimacy of the inequality system. There weren’t generational differences in status crystallization, although the links between status characteristics differed somewhat. In modern Ukrainian society, a large proportion of people belonged to the higher levels of hierarchies and smaller ones at the lower.

Keywords: comparative study; social stratification; generation; status crystallization; stratification hierarchy

References

  1. Filippov, F.R. (1989). From Generation to Generation: Social Mobility. [In Russian]. Moscow: Mysl’. [= Филиппов 1997]
  2. Kohn, M.L., Slomczynski, K.M., Schoenbach, C. (). The Measurement of Social Stratification, Personality and Professional Autonomy in Socialist Poland. In: V.Ye. Khmelko (Ed.), Social Structures and Personality: A Study by Melvin L. Kon and His Colleagues (pp. 491–513). [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Кон, Сломчинський, Шоенбах 2019]
  3. Lenski, G. (1954). Status Crystallization: A Non-Vertical Dimension of Social Status. American Sociological Review, 19 (4), 405–413.
  4. Levada, Yu. (2001). Generations of the 20th Century: Research Opportunities. [In Russian]. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Change, 5 (55), 7–14. [= Левада 2001]
  5. Magun, V., Engovatov, M. (2004). The Structure and Intergenerational Dynamics of the Life Aspirations of Young People in Russia and Ukraine: 1985–2001. [In Russian]. Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, 3, 47–65. [= Магун, Энговатов 2004]
  6. Magun, V.S., Rudnev, M.G. (2012). Basic Values of Two Generations of Russians and the Dynamics of Their Social Determination. In: E.G. Yasin (Ed.), XII International Scientific Conference on the Development of Economy and Society (book 3, pp. 87–97). [In Russian]. Moscow: Vyshcha shkola ekonomiky. [= Магун, Руднев 2012]
  7. Malysh, L. (2019). Principles and Rules of Measurement of Structural Inequalities in Sociology. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Малиш 2019]
  8. Malysh, L., Vynogradov, O. (2010). Education as a Basis of the Entry of Young People in the Labour market. In: S. Oksamytna, O. Vynohradov, L. Malysh, T. Martsenyuk, Ukrainian Youth: from Education to Work (pp. 81–103). [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. [= Малиш, Виноградов 2010]
  9. Patrakova, A. (2006). Status Inconsistencies. In: S. Makeev (Ed.), New Social Inequalities (pp. 270–289). [In Russian]. Kyiv: Institute of Sociology, NAS of Ukraine. [= Патракова 2006]
  10. Radaev, V. (2020). Millennials: How Russian Society is Changing. [In Russian]. Moscow: Vyshcha shkola ekonomiky. [= Радаев 2020]
  11. Semionova, V.V. (2001). Differentiation and Consolidation of Generations. In: V.A. Yadov (Ed.), Russia is a Society under Transformation (pp. 256–271). [In Russian]. Moscow: KANON-press-C. [= Семенова 2001]
  12. Semionova, V.V. (2003). Modern Conceptual and Empirical Approaches to the Concept of “Generation”. In: L.M. Drobizheva (Ed.), Russia undergoing reforms: Yearbook (pp. 213–237). [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology, RAS. [= Семенова 2003]
  13. Semionova, V.V., Chernysh, M.F., Vanke, A.V. (Eds.) (2017). Social Mobility in Russia: Generational Aspect. [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology, RAS. [= Семенова, Черныш, Ваньке 2017]
  14. Simonchuk, O. (2018). Social Classes in Modern Societies: Heuristic Potential of Class Analysis. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Institute of Sociology, NAS of Ukraine. [= Симончук 2018]
  15. Titma, M.H. (Ed.) (1997). Social Stratification of Age Cohort: Graduates of the 80-s in the Post-Soviet Space. [In Russian]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology, RAS. [= Титма 1997]

Received 17.06.2021

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